The Hidden Cancer Risk in Your Glass—What You Need to Know

Adapted from an article by Laura Martinell, RD, CNSC, CSO | Fred Hutch Proton Center and Northwest 

We often hear about the health risks of smoking or poor diet, but did you know that alcohol is one of the leading preventable causes of cancer? In fact, alcohol consumption ranks third—right behind tobacco use and obesity—when it comes to preventable cancer risk in the United States.

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A Growing Concern

In Jan. 2025, the U.S. Surgeon General issued an advisory on alcohol and cancer risk, warning that it contributes to nearly 100,000 cancer cases annually.

Alcohol is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen—the highest level of cancer-causing substances—by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). It shares this classification with tobacco smoke, asbestos and UV radiation from the sun. That means even moderate drinking carries a risk.

How Alcohol Increases Cancer Risk

Drinking alcohol increases your likelihood of developing at least seven types of cancer, including mouth (oral cavity), throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), esophagus, breast, liver and colon.

But how does alcohol actually cause cancer? Here’s what happens inside your body:

• DNA damage: Alcohol breaks down into acetaldehyde (ethanol), a toxic compound that damages DNA and prevents your body from repairing itself.
• Inflammation and oxidative stress: Alcohol increases inflammation and oxidative stress, which can harm cells and lead to cancer.
• Hormone disruption: Alcohol alters levels of hormones like estrogen, which can increase breast cancer risk.
• Increased absorption of carcinogens: Alcohol enhances your body's absorption of harmful substances, including those found in tobacco smoke.

Does the Type of Alcohol Matter?

No. Whether it’s beer, wine or spirits, alcohol’s impact on cancer risk is the same. While you may have heard that red wine contains resveratrol—a compound with potential heart health benefits—it still contains 12–15% alcohol. Beer has 5–10%, and distilled spirits can have anywhere from 20–50% alcohol by volume. Ultimately, the safest option for reducing cancer risk is to cut back or stop drinking altogether.

What Can You Do?

The good news is that you have the power to reduce your cancer risk. Even small changes—like opting for non-alcoholic alternatives or setting drink-free days—can make a significant difference. If you’re looking for support, talk to your healthcare provider about strategies to cut back.

Mocktails are a great way to enjoy flavorful, healthy drinks without the downsides of alcohol. This spring, get creative with fresh ingredients, herbal infusions and colorful garnishes. Check out some of our favorite mocktail recipes and tips. Cheers to your health!

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with cancer, the Overlake Cancer Center, in collaboration with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, offers comprehensive cancer care, including medical oncology, radiation therapy and supportive services, with a focus on advanced treatments and personalized care.